Antibacterial Activity Test of Red Gedi Leaf Ethanol Extract (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik) against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria

Alvin Reynaldi Rumimper; Febrindah Ester  Tambalean

Authors

Alvin Reynaldi Rumimper Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Advent Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Febrindah Ester Tambalean Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Advent Indonesia, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Keywords:

Abelmoschus manihot, antibacterial activity, disk diffusion, inhibition zone, Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

A critical threat to global public health is posed by antimicrobial resistance, with particular urgency highlighted by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), thereby necessitating the rapid discovery of alternative botanical antibacterial agents. Although traditional therapeutic applications in North Sulawesi have long utilized red gedi leaves (Abelmoschus manihot L. Medik), the corresponding antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus remains largely uncharacterized. In this investigation, the antibacterial capacity of an ethanolic extract derived from red gedi leaves was evaluated against S. aureus, and its minimum effective threshold was determined. Extraction was achieved via maceration in 96% ethanol, with subsequent disk diffusion assays conducted at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 10%; meanwhile, tetracycline and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide were employed as positive and negative controls, respectively. The resulting zones of inhibition were subjected to statistical evaluation via a one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) Moderate antibacterial suppression was elicited by all tested extract concentrations, with recorded zones of inhibition spanning , , and , respectively. Conversely, robust antibacterial susceptibility was demonstrated by tetracycline, yielding an inhibition zone of , whereas no inhibitory effects were registered by the negative control. No statistically significant variations in the zones of inhibition were exposed across the various extract concentrations by the One-Way ANOVA (, ), suggesting that an escalation in crude extract concentration did not yield a commensurate increase in antibacterial potency. Ultimately, moderate antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus is exhibited by the ethanolic extract of red gedi leaves, confirming its viability as a natural therapeutic candidate. Nonetheless, the identification of an optimal dosage remains to be established through broader concentration gradients and subsequent verification via Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) assays.

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